43+ Arthur Koestler Holon PNG. Some 35 years ago, in 1967, arthur koestler proposed the term holon in his book the ghost in the machine. Nature handles its complexity in a structure of holons, items that are both a whole and a part.

Some 35 years ago, in 1967, arthur koestler proposed the term holon in his book the ghost in the machine. Arthur koestler cbe *kösztler artúr was a prolific writer of essays, novels and autobiographies. A 'holon', in arthur koestlers discussions, is something that has integrity and identity at the same time as it is a part of a larger system, it is a subsystem of the larger system.

Arthur koestler cbe *kösztler artúr was a prolific writer of essays, novels and autobiographies.

(1969) note the idea of the holon was introduced by arthur koestler in the ghost in the machine (1967) and was presented again at the alpbach symposium (1968) in a paper. Der begriff holon (von griechisch hólos ὅλος und on ὀν: During the 1930's and 1040's koestler was a journalist who covered the spanish civil war and world war ii from the perspective of the. The term holon was originally coined by arthur koestler (koestler 1967\1996) to explain the working of social organizations and living organisms.